• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A retaining wall system (2) is disclosed. The retaining wall system (2) comprises basis stones (B) having a length (L), a height (H), wherein said basis stones (B) are configured to be stacked and hereby constitute a retaining wall (22) that is angled with a non-zero angle (α) relative to vertical. The relationship between the angle (α), the height (H) and the length (L) is selected in such a manner that:- when three or more layers of basis stones (B) are stacked on top of each other, laid in stretcher bond and- a cutting line (6) is drawn along the facade of the retaining wall (22), wherein the cutting line (6) is angled with the angle (α) relative to vertical and- wherein the cutting line (6) intersects a first basis stone (B) positioned in a first layer in a marking point (P) relative to said first basis stone (B),then the cutting line (6) will intersect a second basis stone (B') positioned three layers above the first layer and being horizontally displaced half the length of a stone (L/2) in the same marking point (P) relative to said second basis stone (B').
    公开号:EP3690146A1
    申请号:EP20153793.3
    申请日:2020-01-27
    公开日:2020-08-05
    发明作者:Laust Hesel Madsen
    申请人:Lahema；
    IPC主号:E02D29-00
    专利说明:
    [0001] The present invention relates to a retaining wall system comprising stones configured to be stacked and hereby providing a retaining wall that is angled relative to vertical. Prior art
    [0002] Retaining walls are used in many applications. When establishing garden paving on a sloping land, it is often required to establish retaining walls that retain the underlying soil in a sufficient and safe manner. Retaining walls are also used for shielding against noise.
    [0003] Retaining walls often comprise corner sections that can be difficult to set up because manual cutting is required. Retaining wall systems comprising prefabricated cornerstones adapted for the establishment of corners are known. When using these systems, it is a disadvantage that five different cornerstones are required, and that the system is difficult to use because the cornerstones do not have to be placed on top of each other in size order. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide an improved retaining wall system that is easier to use. Object of the invention
    [0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a retaining wall system which is easier to use than the prior art retaining wall systems. Summary of the invention
    [0005] The object of the present invention can be achieved by a retaining wall system as defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent subclaims, explained in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
    [0006] The retaining wall system according to the invention is a retaining wall system comprising basis stones having a length and a height, wherein said basis stones are configured to be stacked and hereby constitute a retaining wall that is angled with a non-zero angle relative to vertical, wherein the relationship between the angle, the height and the length is selected in such a manner that: when three or more layers of basis stones are stacked on top of each other and laid in stretcher bond and a cutting line is drawn along the facade of the retaining wall, wherein the cutting line is angled with the angle relative to vertical and wherein the cutting line intersects a first basis stone positioned in a first layer in a marking point relative to said first basis stone, then the cutting line will intersect a second basis stone positioned three layers above the first layer and being horizontally displaced half the length of a stone in the same marking point relative to said second basis stone.
    [0007] Hereby, it is possible to provide a retaining wall system which is easier to use than the prior art retaining wall systems.
    [0008] The retaining wall system comprises basis stones having a length and a height, wherein said basis stones are configured to be stacked and hereby constitute a retaining wall that is angled with a non-zero angle relative to vertical. Hereby, the retaining wall system can be used to construct retaining walls on sloping land, in which it is required to establish retaining walls that are capable of retaining the underlying soil in a sufficient and safe manner. Moreover, retaining walls can be used for shielding against noise.
    [0009] By selecting the relationship between the angle, the height and the length is selected in such a manner that: when three or more layers of basis stones are stacked on top of each other and laid in stretcher bond and a cutting line is drawn along the facade of the retaining wall, wherein the cutting line is angled with the angle relative to vertical and wherein the cutting line intersects a first basis stone positioned in a first layer in a marking point relative to said first basis stone, then the cutting line will intersect a second basis stone positioned three layers above the first layer and being horizontally displaced half the length of a stone in the same marking point relative to said second basis stone, it is possible to provide a retaining wall, in which the stones are laid in stretcher bond and wherein corners can be build in an easy and user-friendly manner by means of three types of cornerstones.
    [0010] In one embodiment, the marking point is the lower left corner point. In one embodiment, the marking point is the upper right corner point.
    [0011] In one embodiment, retaining wall system comprises a first cornerstone, a second cornerstone, a third cornerstone, wherein said cornerstones are cut in such a manner that the cornerstones, when they are stacked on the top of each other constitute an outer corner edge that is angled the angle (α) relative to vertical.
    [0012] This allows an outer (external) 90-degree corner to be established in a simple and user-friendly way.
    [0013] It may be advantageous that the retaining wall system comprise a first cornerstone, a second cornerstone, a third cornerstone, wherein said cornerstones are cut in such a manner that the cornerstones, when they are stacked on the top of each other constitute an inner (internal) corner edge that is angled the angle (α) relative to vertical. Hereby, it is possible to construct an inner (internal) 90-degree corner to be established in a simple and user-friendly way.
    [0014] It may be beneficial that the retaining wall system comprises a cornerstone that is attached to a basis stone. Hereby, it is possible to attach and keep attached to the retaining wall small cornerstones that otherwise would be difficult to keep attached to the retaining wall.
    [0015] The attachment of a cornerstone to a basis stone may be achieved by any suitable attachment means. In one embodiment, attachment of a cornerstone to a basis stone is provided by using tile adhesive.
    [0016] It can be an advantage that the retaining wall system comprises a cornerstone comprising a 45-degree beveled edge. Hereby, it is possible to apply two adjacent cornerstones to constitute a 90-degree corner.
    [0017] It is possible to use a right part and a left part which are either attached to each other (e.g. fixed by means of tile adhesive or another joining material) or which constitute two separate elements not being attached to each other.
    [0018] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises cornerstones having three different lengths, wherein the first type of cornerstone has a shorter length than the second type of cornerstone, which has a shorter length than the third type of cornerstone. Hereby, the user can easily distinguish the three types of cornerstone see and thus apply the retaining wall system.
    [0019] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprise another type of cornerstone (for an inner/interior corner), wherein the cornerstone is configured to abut against a planar retaining wall extending along an interior corner finishing edge, where the adjoining stone sections form an interior 90-degree corner.
    [0020] It may be an advantage that the retaining wall system comprises an interior cornerstone comprising a 90-degree angle (seen from above) facing towards the adjacent sub-wall (part of the retaining wall).
    [0021] In one embodiment, the basis stones comprise a locking structure configured to prevent a basis stone from being displaced forward. Hereby, the basis stoners are self-locking.
    [0022] In one embodiment, at least some of the stones of the retaining wall system (e.g. the basis stones and/or the cornerstones) comprise a protruding structure protruding from a surface and being configured to establish an air gap between the surface and an adjacent stone. Hereby, it is possible to ventilate adjacent surfaces between stones that are stacked e.g. during transport and storage. The ventilation prevents discoloration of the stones.
    [0023] In one embodiment, the length of one of the cornerstones corresponds to the length of a basis stone.
    [0024] In one embodiment, the length of all the cornerstones corresponds to the length of a basis stone. Hereby, it is possible to provide a system having a very stable and strong third cornerstone. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a retaining wall system comprising long cornerstones, which will positively affect the strength and reliability of the system.
    [0025] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises an outer cornerstone having a length that is longer than the length of a base stone, wherein the cornerstone comprises a 45-degree beveled edge (seen from above when the stones are mounted) in one of the ends of the cornerstone. Hereby, the cornerstone can be cut to any suitable length (for example, a length corresponding to the total length of a base stone and the first outside cornerstone). In one embodiment, the outer cornerstone is solid.
    [0026] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises an inner cornerstone having a length that is longer than the length of a base stone, wherein the cornerstone comprises a 90-degree beveled edge (seen from above when the stones are mounted) in one of the ends of the cornerstone. Hereby, the cornerstone can be cut into a suitable length (for example, the total length of a base stone and the first outer cornerstone). In one embodiment, the outer cornerstone is solid.
    [0027] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises a half stone having a length that corresponds to half the length of a basis stone. Hereby, it is possible to provide a wall portion comprising vertical upright end surfaces with alternating whole stones and half stones to without cutting the stones.
    [0028] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises a solid stone. In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises a plurality of solid stones. In one embodiment, all the stones of the retaining wall system are solid.
    [0029] By using solid stones, it is possible to provide a good-looking and stable retaining wall finish. In a preferred embodiment, solid stones form the starting and/or finishing stones. In one embodiment, the outermost stones are solid stones.
    [0030] A solid stone may be a whole stone (having the same length as a basis stone) or be a half stone (having half the length as a basis stone).
    [0031] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises an adjoining stone configured to bear against the second cornerstone. Hereby, it is possible to build 90-degree corners using cornerstones comprising two cornerstones that are attached to each other, wherein the cornerstone furthermore is attached to an adjacent base stone.
    [0032] In one embodiment, the relationship between the angle (α), the height (H) and the length (L) is selected in such a manner thattan α = L 6 H .
    [0033] In one embodiment, the retaining wall system comprises stones cast in concrete. Description of the Drawings
    [0034] The invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below. The accompanying drawings are given by way of illustration only, and thus, they are not limitative of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1A shows a schematic view of a retaining wall constructed by means of stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 1B shows a schematic a right-angled triangle having a first catheter corresponding to the length of a base stone and a second catheter corresponding to the height of six basis stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention, wherein the slope of the hypothesis of the triangle relative to the second catheter corresponds to the slope (relative to the vertical) of a retaining wall constructed by stones of the retaining wall system; Fig. 1C shows the retaining wall shown in Fig. 1A, wherein a dotted cutting line extends parallel to the edge of the outer corner; Fig. 1D shows a retaining wall corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 1C, wherein the edge of the outer corner is positioned at the position, in which the dotted cutting line is indicated in Fig. 1C. Fig. 2A shows a basis stone according to a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 2B shows a perspective view of a retaining wall comprising basis stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 2C shows a side view of the retaining wall sown in Fig. 2B; Fig. 3 shows a pallet loaded with stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 4A shows a retaining wall comprising basis stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 4B shows a retaining wall shown in Fig. 4A seen from a different view; Fig. 5A shows a top view of an internal (inner) corner of the retaining wall shown in Fig. 4A; Fig. 5B shows a top view of an external (outer) corner of the retaining wall shown in Fig. 4A, wherein the two upper cornerstones have been removed; Fig. 6A shows the outer (external) corner of the retaining wall shown in Fig. 4A; Fig. 6B shows a different view of the retaining wall shown in Fig. 4A; Fig. 7A shows a pallet loaded with stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 7B shows a top view of a basis stone corresponding to the basis stones that are loaded on the pallet shown in Fig. 7A; Fig. 8A shows two adjacent basis stones, wherein protruding structures cause an air gap between the basis stones in order to ventilate the stones during storage on pallets; Fig. 8B shows a close-up view of the air gap shown in Fig. 8A; Fig. 9A shows a retaining wall comprising basis stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention; Fig. 9B shows a fourth outer (external) cornerstone having a length that makes it possible to cut the cornerstone in order to make it fit and Fig. 9C shows a fourth inner (interior) cornerstone having a length that makes it possible to cut the cornerstone in order to make it fit. Detailed description of the invention
    [0035] Referring now in detail to the drawings for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention, a retaining wall 22 of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 1A.
    [0036] Fig. 1A illustrates a retaining wall 22 built by stones B, S1, S2, S3 of a retaining wall system 2 according to the invention. The retaining wall 22 is inclined relative to the vertical. The angle α indicating the slope is shown. It can be seen that this angle α is approximately 15 degrees. However, a different angle α can be selected. It is usually preferred to use a retaining wall 22, wherein the angle α is in the range of 10-20 degrees. The retaining wall 22 is arranged on a support 4.
    [0037] The retaining wall 22 comprises a plurality of basis stones B, B' arranged in six layers. The stones of the retaining wall 22 are laid in stretcher bond. All the stones have the same height. The basis stones have the length L. The retaining wall system 2 comprises three cornerstones S1, S2, S3: a first cornerstone S1, a slightly longer second cornerstone S2 and an even longer third cornerstone S3. These cornerstones S1, S2, S3 are shaped in such a manner that no cutting of the cornerstones S1, S2, S3 is required. The cornerstones S1, S2, S3 are laid in a fixed size specific order (starting from the support 4): intermediate S2, large S3, small S1. In principle, one can start with any of the cornerstones S1, S2, S3 as long as the above-mentioned fixed size specific order is used. Accordingly, it is easy for the user to apply the retaining wall system 2.
    [0038] The lowermost cornerstone is of the second type S2, however, in another configuration the lowermost cornerstone could be the first cornerstone S1 or the third cornerstone S3.
    [0039] It may be an advantage that the middle cornerstone S1 is attached to the adjacent stone (neighbouring stone) in such a manner that these two stones can be merged into the adjacent parts of the retaining wall 22. This is particularly advantageous if the smallest cornerstone S1 is short (has a small length).
    [0040] The relationship between the angle α, the height H and the length L is selected in such a manner that: when three or more layers of basis stones B, B' are stacked on top of each other, laid in stretcher bond and a cutting line 6 is drawn along the facade of the retaining wall 22, wherein the cutting line 6 is angled with a non-zero angle α relative to vertical and wherein the cutting line 6 intersects a first basis stone B positioned in a first layer in a marking point P relative to said first basis stone B, then the cutting line 6 will intersect a second basis stone B' positioned three layers above the first layer and being horizontally displaced half the length of a stone L/2 in the same marking point P relative to said second basis stone B'.
    [0041] Fig. 1B shows a right-angled triangle T having a short first catheter having a length corresponding to the length L of a basis stone B. The triangle T comprises a long second catheter having a length corresponding to the height 6H of six basis stones B of the retaining wall system 2. The slope of the hypothesis α relative to the long catheter (having a length 6H) corresponds to the slope α of the retaining wall relative to vertical.
    [0042] Since the right-angled triangle T has a short catheter of length L and a long catheter of length 6H corresponding to the height of six layers of stone, any one of the three values α, H, L can be calculated if two of these values are known. The tangent relation gives the following relation:tan α = L 6 H
    [0043] It follows that the angle α is given by the following equation:α = tan − 1 L 6 H
    [0044] Thus, it can be deduced that the length L is given by the following expression:L = 6 Htan α
    [0045] It follows that H is given by the following expression:H = L 6 tan α
    [0046] In the following, Table 1 shows the calculated lengths L, with a fixed height H (169 mm) and varying angle α. Tabel 1α H L [°] [mm] [mm] 10 169 178.8 12.5 169 224.8 15 169 271.7 17.5 169 319.7 20 169 369.1 22.5 169 420.0 25 169 472.8
    [0047] In the following, Table 2 shows the calculated heights H, with fixed length L (270 mm) and varying angle α. Tabel 2α H L [°] [mm] [mm] 10 255.2 270 12.5 202.0 270 15 167.9 270 17.5 142.7 270 20 123.6 270 22.5 108.6 270 25 96.5 270
    [0048] Fig. 1C shows a retaining wall 22 corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 1A. A cutting line 6 extending parallel to the outer (external) corner finishing edge (the straight edge extending from the support to the upper part of the retaining wall 22, where the edge is formed by the cornerstones S1, S2, S3), has, however, been added.
    [0049] It is possible to place the cutting line 6 on the place indicated and hereby achieve a cornerstone configuration corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 1D comprising the cornerstones S1, S2, S3. Alternatively, it is possible to displace the cutting line 6 as indicated by the two arrows. Accordingly, the cutting line 6 may be displaced to the left or to the right. As long as the cutting line 6 is extends parallel to the straight edge extending from the support to the upper part of the retaining wall 22, wherein the edge is formed by the cornerstones S1, S2, S3, it is possible to form the geometry of the three cornerstones. In one embodiment, the length and height and size of the cornerstone is selected in such a manner that the length of the cornerstone corresponds to the length L of a basis stone B.
    [0050] Fig. 1D shows a retaining wall corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 1C, wherein the corner edge 34 is positioned in the position, in which the doted cutting line 6 is indicated in Fig. 1C. In this embodiment, the cutting line 6 is positioned in such a manner that the length of the third and largest cornerstone S3 has a length corresponding to the length of a basis stone B.
    [0051] Fig. 2A shows a side view of a basis stone B of a retaining wall system according to the invention. The stone B comprises a planar top side 42 having a length d4. The top side 42 constitutes the upper part of a top portion 44 having a thickness d2. The basis stone B has a front side portion 46 extending downwards from the anterior (front) part of the top portion 44. The height d3 of the front side portion 46 is indicated in Fig. 2A. It can be seen that the front side portion 46 comprises a front side 8 that constitutes the visible facade of a wall comprising basis stones B.
    [0052] The stone B comprises a rear side portion 48 extending downwards from the lowermost part of the top portion 44. The rear side portion 48 has the same height as the front side portion. The rear side portion 48 is provided with a protruding locking structure 18 having a height d1. The rear side portion 48 comprises a proximal portion provided with a first rear side surface 10. The rear side portion 48 comprises a distal portion provided with another rear side surface 10' provided with protruding structures 12, 12' configured to create an air gap when the stone B is stacked as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 7A.
    [0053] The angle β1 corresponds to 90° added to the angle of the facade relative to vertical. In one embodiment, the angle values are: Angle β1 β2 β3 β4 β5 [°] 105 94 161 110 80
    [0054] In one embodiment, the distances have the following values. Distance d1 d2 d3 d4 [mm] 20 70 169 233
    [0055] Fig. 2B shows a perspective view of a retaining wall 22 comprising basis stones B of a retaining wall system 2 according to the invention. The basis stones B are arranged within a rectangular coordinate system having the axes X, Y, Z. It can be seen that the basis stones B are laid in stretcher bond and that the basis stones B are provided with a locking structure 18 configured to prevent the basis stone B from being displaced forward e.g. due to the pressure from soil behind the retaining wall 22. Accordingly, the locking structure 18 prevents a basis stone B from being displaced along the Y axis due to a force directed in that direction.
    [0056] Fig. 2C shows a side view of the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 2B. It can be seen that the retaining wall 22 comprises a basis stone B having a top side extending along the plane spanned by the X axis and the Y axis and thus extending perpendicular to the Z axis. Each basis stone B comprises a cavity 20. Hereby, the weight of the stone B can be reduced. In one embodiment, the basis stones B are solid and thus the cavity would be filled. In one embodiment, the stones B are cast in concrete.
    [0057] Fig. 3 shows a pallet 16 resting on a support 4. The pallet 16 is loaded with basis stones B from a retaining wall system according to the invention. It can be seen that the basis stones are stacked in two layers and that the basis stones comprise protruding structures 12, 12' protruding from the distal rear side surface 10'. The protruding structures 12, 12' provide an air gap 14 between the lowermost stone and front side surface 8 thereof. The lowermost basis stones B comprise a protruding locking structure 18 being protected by the front side portion 46 arranged on the top of the basis stones B.
    [0058] Fig. 4A shows a retaining wall 22 constructed by using stones from a retaining wall system 2 according to the invention. Fig. 4B shows another side view (seen from a different angle) of the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 4A. The retaining wall 22 comprises an outer 90-degree corner 30 formed by to adjacent sub-walls 38, 38' extending perpendicular to each other. It can be seen that the 90-degree corner comprises an outer corner edge 34.
    [0059] The retaining wall 22 comprises an inner corner 32 formed by two adjacent sub-walls 38, 40 extending perpendicular to each other. It can be seen that the 90-degree corner comprises an inner corner edge 36.
    [0060] The outer corner 30 is formed by five layers of cornerstones. The lowermost cornerstone S3 of the outer corner 30 is of the third type of outer cornerstones. The second lowermost cornerstone S1 of the outer corner 30 is of the first type of outer cornerstones, whereas a cornerstone S2 of the second type of outer cornerstones is placed on the top thereof. This order of the cornerstones continues and thus the cornerstones are placed in the following order (counted from the top): S1, S3, S2, S1, S3.
    [0061] The upper cornerstone S1 is attached to its adjacent neighbouring stone 28. In a preferred embodiment, the upper cornerstone S1 of the sub-wall 38 is attached to the upper cornerstone of the sub-wall 38'.
    [0062] In a preferred embodiment, the neighbouring stone 28 of the upper cornerstone S1 in the sub-wall 38 attached to the neighbouring stone 26 of the sub-wall 38'. Hereby, the user can in an easy and fast manner built a corner as the one shown in Fig. 4A og Fig. 4B.
    [0063] The inner 90-degree corner 32 is formed by five cornerstones. The lowermost cornerstone S'3 of the outer corner 30 is of the third type of outer cornerstones. The second lowermost cornerstone S'2 of the inner corner 32 is of the second type of outer cornerstones, whereas a cornerstone S'1 of the first type of inner cornerstones is placed on the top thereof. This order of the cornerstones continues and thus the cornerstones are placed in the following order (counted from the top): S'2, S'3, S'1, S'2, S'3. The upper cornerstone S1 is attached to its adjacent neighbouring stone 28. In a preferred embodiment, the upper cornerstone S1 of the sub-wall 38 is attached to the upper cornerstone of the sub-wall 38'. Hereby, the user can apply a fixed order of cornerstones. The three types of cornerstones are easy to identify and recognise because the first cornerstone S'1 has the shortest length, the second cornerstone S'2 has the second smallest length, whereas the third cornerstone S'3 has the greatest length.
    [0064] It can be seen that the sub-wall 40 continues "behind" the adjacent wall 38. Hereby, it is possible to "take up tolerances" if the sub-wall 40 has a slightly larger or smaller total length than estimated. The sub-wall 40 comprises a whole (complete) solid stone M as well as a solid half stone SH used as the finishing stone. Hereby, it is possible to avoid visible cavities 20. It may, however, be beneficial that the basis stones that do not constitute the finishing part of the sub-wall are provided with visible cavities 20 (hereby, the weight can be reduced).
    [0065] Fig. 5A illustrates a top view of the inner corner 32 from the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 4A. It can be seen that the last stone S2 in the upper layer of the sub-wall 38 abuts a half stone SH and abuts a basis stone B. The other layers have the same cornerstone configuration as shown in Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B.
    [0066] Fig. 5B shows a top view of an outer 90-degree corner 30 from the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 4A, wherein the two uppermost cornerstones have been removed. It can be seen that the third uppermost cornerstone S2 (which now is visible) is attached to the second cornerstone S'2 as well as a neighbouring stone 28. An adjoining stone N arranged to bear against the second cornerstone S'2 and the neighbouring stone 28 has been pulled free so that a gap is provided between the adjoining stone N and the second cornerstone S'2 and the neighbouring stone 28.
    [0067] Fig. 6A shows another view (seen from a different angle) of the outer 90-degree corner from the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 4A. Fig. 6B shows another view (seen from a different angle) of the retaining wall 22 shown in Fig. 4A. The sub-wall 38' comprises an outer corner formed by two adjacent sub-walls 38, 38' extending perpendicular to each other. The retaining wall 22 further comprises an inner corner 32 formed by two adjacent sub-walls 38, 40 extending perpendicular to each other.
    [0068] The outer 90-degree corner 30 comprises a right portion formed by five layers of cornerstones S1, S2, S3 arranged one on top of each other (in order of the length of the stones), wherein a third outer cornerstone S3 located at the bottom (is the lowermost cornerstone). Thus, the second lowest cornerstone S1 is of the first type of cornerstones, whereas a cornerstone S2 of the second type is placed on the top thereof.
    [0069] The inner 90-degree corner 32 comprises a left portion (see Fig. 4A) formed by five layers of cornerstones S'1, S'2, S'3 arranged one on top of each other (in order of the length of the stones), wherein a third outer cornerstone S'3 is located at the bottom (is the lowermost cornerstone). The second lowest cornerstone S'2 is of the second type of cornerstones, whereas a cornerstone S'1 of the first type is placed on the top thereof.
    [0070] The small cornerstones S1, S'1 are attached to their neighbouring stone. The sub-walls 38, 40 comprise an upper layer of stones having a free (exposed to the surroundings) top side 42 that extends horizontally.
    [0071] Fig. 7A shows a pallet 16 loaded with stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention. Three layers of stones are stacked on the top of each other. A band 50 has been tied around the top layer of stone, thereby preventing the stones from being displaced in a horizontal direction. At the same time, the weight of the top layer of stone will push the underlying stones downward, thus preventing the stones from the two lower layers to be displaced relative to each other. The pallet 16 rests on a support 4.
    [0072] Fig. 7B shows a basis stone B corresponding to the ones that are stacked on the pallet shown in Fig. 7A.
    [0073] In Fig. 7B, the basis stone B is oriented in the same way as the stones are mounted when forming part of a retaining wall. Seen from above, the base stones B on the pallet shown in Fig. 7A are oriented as illustrated in FIG. 7B. Therefore, the protruding structures 12, 12' can secure the formation of an air gap between the front side surface (facade) of the base stones and the rear side surface of an adjacent basis stone. In this way, the air gap allows for ventilation that prevents the formation of discolorations.
    [0074] Fig. 8A shows two adjacent basis stones B, B', in which the protruding structures 12, 12' cause the formation of an air gap 14 between the basis stones B, B'. This air gap 14 ensures ventilation which prevents the formation of discolorations.
    [0075] Fig. 8B shows a close-up view of the air gap 14 shown in Fig. 8A. The air gap 14 is provided between the two adjacent basis stones B, B'.
    [0076] Fig. 9A shows a retaining wall 22 made of stones from a retaining wall system according to the invention and Fig. 9B shows how a fourth outer cornerstone S4 can be made from an outer cornerstone S5, having a length that is greater than the length of a basis stone so that the fourth cornerstone S4 can be formed via truncation of the outer cornerstone S5 e.g. by means of an angle grinder or a circular saw. The outer cornerstone S5 having a length that is greater than the length of a basis stone comprises a 45-degree beveled edge configured to be joint with a corresponding outer corner portion to form a 90-degree corner.
    [0077] The retaining wall 22 comprises an outer 90-degree corner 30 formed by the two adjacent sub-walls 38, 38' extending perpendicular to each other and thus constituting a 90-degree corner comprising an outer corner edge 34.
    [0078] The retaining wall 22 comprises an inner 90-degree corner 32 formed by the two adjacent sub-walls 38, 40 extending perpendicular to each other and thus constituting a 90-degree corner comprising an inner corner edge 36.
    [0079] The outer 90-degree corner 30 is formed by five layers of cornerstones comprising a third outer cornerstone S3 placed in the lowermost position. The second-lowermost cornerstone S1 is of the first type of cornerstone, whereas a cornerstone S2 of the second type is placed on the top of the second-lowermost cornerstone S1. This sequence of the cornerstones continues. Accordingly, the cornerstones (counted from the top) are arranged in the following order: S4, S3, S2, S1, S3.
    [0080] In contrast to the solution shown in Fig. 4A, the upper cornerstone S4 is not attached to its neighboring stone but is provided as a single independent fourth cornerstone S4. This fourth cornerstone S4 is made from an outer cornerstone S5 having a length that is longer than the length of a basis stone.
    [0081] The inner 90-degree corner 32 is formed by five layers of cornerstones comprising a third outer cornerstone S'3 placed in the lowermost position. The second-lowermost cornerstone S'2 is of the second type of cornerstone, whereas a cornerstone S'1 of the first type is placed on the top of the second-lowermost cornerstone S'2. This sequence of the cornerstones continues. Accordingly, the cornerstones (counted from the top) are arranged in the following order: S'2, S'3, S'1, S'2, S'3. Accordingly, the user can apply the cornerstones in a fixed order. The three types of stones are easy to identify and recognize as the first cornerstone S'1 has the smallest length, the second cornerstone S'2 has the second least length while the third cornerstone S'3 has the greatest length.
    [0082] The smallest inner cornerstone S'1 may be attached to a neighboring stone. Alternatively, these cornerstones may be formed from an inner cornerstone S'5 having a length that is longer than the length of a basis stone, wherein the inner cornerstone S'5 comprises a 90-degree corner adapted to form an inner corner when being joined v with a corresponding cornerstone.
    [0083] Fig. 9C shows an inner cornerstone S'5 (having a length that is longer than the length of a basis stone) before is being cut. A cutting line 52 corresponding to the total length of a basis stone B and a small inner cornerstone S'1 is indicated. The inner cornerstone S'5 (having a length that is longer than the length of a basis stone) is configured to bear against an adjacent sub-wall. It can be seen that the stone has a pre-defined angle α corresponding to the angle of the retaining wall relative to vertical (see e.g. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B or Fig. 1C). List of reference numerals
    [0084] 2Retaining wall system4Support6Cutting line8Front side surface (facade)10, 10'Rear side surface12, 12'Protruding structure14Air gap16Pallet18Locking structure20Cavity22Retaining wall26Neighbouring stone28, 28'Neighbouring stone30Outer corner32Inner corner34Outer corner edge36Inner corner edge38, 38'Sub-wall40Sub-wall42Top side44Top portion46Front side portion48Rear side portion50Band52Cutting lineB, B'Basis stoneS1 First outer cornerstoneS'1 First inner cornerstoneS2 Second outer cornerstoneS'2 Second inner cornerstoneS3 Third outer cornerstoneS'3 Third inner cornerstoneS4 Fourth outer cornerstoneS5 Outer cornerstone (longer than a basis stone)S'5 Inner cornerstone (longer than a basis stone)SH, S'H Half stoneα, β1, β2 Angleβ3, β4, β5 AngleLLengthHHeightTTriangleXLongitudinal axisYWidth axisZHeight axisMSolid stoneNAdjoining stonePMarking point
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001] Retaining wall system (2) comprising basis stones (B) having a length (L), a height (H), wherein said basis stones (B) are configured to be stacked and hereby constitute a retaining wall (22) that is angled with a non-zero angle (α) relative to vertical, characterised in that the relationship between the angle (α), the height (H) and the length (L) is selected in such a manner that:
    - when three or more layers of basis stones (B) are stacked on top of each other, laid in stretcher bond and
    - a cutting line (6) is drawn along the facade of the retaining wall (22), wherein the cutting line (6) is angled with the angle (α) relative to vertical and
    - wherein the cutting line (6) intersects a first basis stone (B) positioned in a first layer in a marking point (P) relative to said first basis stone (B),then the cutting line (6) will intersect a second basis stone (B') positioned three layers above the first layer and being horizontally displaced half the length of a stone (L/2) in the same marking point (P) relative to said second basis stone (B').
    [0002] Retaining wall system (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a first cornerstone (S1), a second cornerstone (S2), a third cornerstone (S3), wherein said cornerstones (S1, S2, S3) are cut in such a manner that the cornerstones (S1, S2, S3) when they are stacked on the top of each other constitute an outer corner edge (34) that is angled the angle (α) relative to vertical.
    [0003] Retaining wall system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a first cornerstone (S'1), a second cornerstone (S'2), a third cornerstone (S'3), wherein said cornerstones (S'1, S'2, S'3) are cut in such a manner that the cornerstones (S1, S2, S3) when they are stacked on the top of each other constitute an inner corner edge (36) that is angled the angle (α) relative to vertical.
    [0004] Retaining wall system (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a cornerstone (S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3) that is attached to a basis stone (B, B').
    [0005] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the claims 2-4, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a cornerstone (S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3) comprising a 45-degree beveled edge.
    [0006] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises cornerstones (S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3) having three different lengths, wherein the first type of cornerstone (S1) has a shorter length than the second type of cornerstone (S2), which has a shorter length than the third type of cornerstone (S3).
    [0007] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the basis stones (B, B') comprise a locking structure (18) configured to prevent a basis stone (B, B') from being displaced forward.
    [0008] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least some of the basis stones (B, B') and/or the cornerstones (S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3) comprise a protruding structure (12, 12') protruding from a surface and being configured to establish an air gap (14) between the surface and an adjacent stone (B, B', S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3).
    [0009] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the length of one of the cornerstones (S1, S2, S3, S'1, S'2, S'3) corresponds to the length (L) of a basis stone (B, B').
    [0010] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a half stone (SH, S'H) having a length that corresponds to half the length (L) of a basis stone (B, B').
    [0011] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises a solid stone (M).
    [0012] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises an adjoining stone (N) configured to bear against the second cornerstone (S'2).
    [0013] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the relationship between the angle (α), the height (H) and the length (L) is selected in such a manner thattan α = L 6 H
    [0014] Retaining wall system (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining wall system (2) comprises stones cast in concrete.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK201900116A1|2020-09-14|
    DK180282B1|2020-09-30|
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